Architect-On-Duty architect-on-duty.com Last Update 20061209

Design and Building Process Walkthrough:

Metric World and You :-)

Metric system is used in nearly every country in the world. Metric System was devised by French scientists in the late 18th century to replace the chaotic collection of units then in use. The goal of this effort was to produce a system that did not rely on a miscellany of separate standards, and to use the decimal system rather than fractions.

Metric system SI is the only measuring system presently used in EU (apart from GB), although not used exclusively in Canada, it is the predominant system used in schools and it is definitely predominant measuring system for documentation of construction.

Due to the fact that we have no specific page developed for measurements and units, if you have further questions please follow this link "MEASUREMENTS".

Do you legally need an Architect in Ontario and Canada?

Laws vary by region, but generally an architect is required to perform the design and review of construction for new buildings, renovations or additions with a floor area of over 6,000 square feet (557.42 m2). The exception to this is the building type known as Assembly Buildings (mostly public use buildings), such as schools, community centres, theatres, libraries, swimming pools, etc., where the services of an architect are required regardless of the floor area of the proposed project.

How about the rest of the world?

Laws vary from country to country, but generally Architect as designing professional is required for all public buildings and buildings for more than one family (we are still researching this topic, please be patient with us we will be adding information on weekly basis:-)

The Architect's Role

Most people don't realize how complicated it can be to undertake a project of building or renovating - until they have to deal with building codes, zoning bylaws, hiring contractors and making sure that the work is done properly. There is never any single, clear-cut path through this maze, because no two projects are exactly alike. This is where the architect, drawing on extensive training and experience, can provide invaluable assistance in the process. In most cases, the cost of hiring an architect can be returned many times over by savings reaped from an efficient space design and function, properly specified materials, thoroughly prepared construction documents, assistance with the selection of a contractor and review during the construction phase.

Design

Architects are specialists trained in creative problem solving. The process begins by determining and evaluating your needs timelines and budgets. By considering variables such as site constraints, building codes, local climatic conditions, energy efficiency, functional requirements and the latest technology in construction materials and methods, architects can present various alternatives to meet your particular requirements. The architect always designs/plans project in close consultation with client. As your ideas evolve, changes can be made on paper rather than during construction. By thoroughly exploring available solutions to your needs at this stage, costly changes during construction can be avoided.

To help you visualize the design, the architect will produce three dimensional drawings, commonly known as "perspectives" or "renderings". Depending on the type and complexity of the project, the architect will produce simple models illustrating the basic features of the design. If more detailed models are required, these can be provided, normally at an additional cost.

Construction Documentation

Once the design has been finalized, production of construction documents (commonly called "contract documents" or "tender documents" or "working drawings") begins. The architect will produce a detailed set of drawings illustrating the construction materials and assemblies required to execute the approved design. Specifications (written summary of products, standards, etc) will be produced setting out all required materials and construction methods. Depending on the scope of the project, other consultants may be involved, such as structural engineers, mechanical/electrical engineers, or landscape architects, food services designers, interior designers, ergonomic consultants, refrigeration engineers, aquatic consultants, etc. The architect directs and co-ordinates the work of the team in order to achieve best value for the client.

Tendering

The final drawings and specifications will form the basis of bids tendered by contractors. Depending on the type and scope of the project, bids can be solicited from contractors by open tender, invited tender, or negotiated with a contractor pre-selected by you.

Once bids are received, the architect will review the bids and assist you in selecting the contractor. The architect will draw up the construction contract and preside over the signing of the contract and receipt of items such as proof of the contractor's liability insurance, financial stability, etc.

Approvals

Concurrent with the tendering process, the architect applies for various permits/approvals required before construction can begin. This may include demolition permits, site plan approval, zoning approval, and finally, the building permit. The goal is to have all approval in place at or immediately after the signing of the construction contract, so that construction can begin immediately. Any delays at this stage can have a financial impact on the project, since the contractor would be within his right to request additional compensation if construction is delayed beyond a reasonable period after the signing of the contract.

Construction Review

With a signed contract and all approvals in place, construction begins. The architect will monitor construction progress, and review the work to ensure that it conforms to the requirements of the drawings and specifications. The architect will review and certify payment requests from the contractor. The architect will produce site review reports and record deficiencies requiring correction. Once construction is completed, the architect will conduct a final review, produce a "deficiency list" and provide a letter to the municipal building department certifying that the construction was carried out in conformance with the construction documents and in compliance with governing building codes. The latter is normally required by municipalities in order to issue an "occupancy permit" which legally allows you to occupy the new premises.

Contract Close-Out

With the premises occupied, the architect's remaining tasks consist of following up with the contractor to ensure that all deficiencies have been corrected, processing and approving final payment, and ensuring that all required warranties are obtained on your behalf. Once these are done, the contract is termed "closed-out" and the project is officially completed.

Warranty Period

The Architect will act as a resource to you during the warranty period, to assist in obtaining swift corrective action from the contractor for any problems or deficiencies which develop. The Architect can draw on his knowledge and experience to ensure that problems due to faulty workmanship and materials which may occur during the warranty period are properly recognized and responsibility for their correction is accepted by the contractor.

The above summary is representative of the basic process involved in the design and construction of most projects, but should not be considered definitive. As every project is unique, so are the steps required to bring it to a successful conclusion. The architect draws upon his experience and talents, and those of his staff and other consultants, to plan and orchestrate the many tasks required to turn your vision into reality.

Ask a question or send your comments or suggestions.